Set your oven's rack to the center position and preheat it to 400°F. Get two baking pans ready by lining them with parchment paper.
In a big bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda.
Drop in the cold, cubed butter and use a pastry cutter or fork to work it in until it looks like large peas.
In a different bowl, beat together the buttermilk, 1 egg, and vanilla extract.
Create a well in the center of your dry mix and pour in the liquid. Stir it all together just until it forms a dough. Remember, don't overdo the mixing. If you want to add any extras like dried fruit or nuts, now's the time.
Move the dough to a surface dusted with flour. Split it in half and gently form each half into a round that's 3/4-inch thick and about 6 inches across. Slice each round into 8 wedges and arrange them on your baking pans, leaving about 2 inches between each one.